This is an example of the analysis of impacts and adaptation measures to heatwaves in the city of Madrid.Building climate-resilient cities, i.e., preparing the cities to face and adapt to current and future changes, requires understanding the complex structure and functioning of the urban system. It is this understanding that the analysis aims to improve. The research does not claim to offer an answer to climate adaptation planning in cities per se, but rather, it intends to inspire urban adaptation planning.  The methodology suggested in the study could also prove useful for many other social and environmental issues that require multidisciplinary and multilevel approaches.

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